Break a file into pages and/or columns for printing
Syntax:
pr [+page] [-column] [-adFmrt] [-e[char][gap]]
[-L locale] [-h header]
[-i[char][gap]] [-l lines]
[-o offset] [-s[char]] [-n[char][width]]
[-w width] [file …]
Options:
In the following option descriptions, column, lines,
offset, page, and width are positive
decimal integers, and gap is a nonnegative decimal integer.
Note:
Options -e, -i, -n, and -s
don't use spaces to separate options and arguments.
- +page
- Print the pages starting with this page number.
- -column
- Produce output that is columns wide (the default is 1).
The text is written vertically down each column in the order in which it is
received from the input file. The options -e and -i
are assumed. Don't use this option with -m.
If you want to display the output using the minimum number of lines, use with -t.
- -a
- Modify the effect of the -column option so
that the columns are filled across the page in a round-robin order
(e.g., when column is 2, the first input line heads column 1,
the second heads column 2, the third is the second line in column 1, etc.).
If you use this option, you must also use the -column option.
- -d
- Double space the output. An extra newline character is output following every newline found in the input.
- -e[char][gap]
- Expand each input tab to the next greater column position
specified by the formula n*gap+1,
where n is an integer > 0. If gap is zero
or is omitted, the default is 8. All tab characters in the input are expanded
into the appropriate number of spaces. If char (any nondigit character)
is specified, it is used as the input tab character.
- -F
- Use a form-feed character for new pages, instead of the default
behavior that uses a sequence of newline characters.
- -h header
- Use the string header to replace the file name in the header line.
- -i[char][gap]
- In the output, replace multiple spaces with tabs whenever two or more
adjacent spaces reach column positions gap+1, 2*gap+1, etc.
If gap is zero or omitted, the default tab settings are at every eighth column position.
If char (any nondigit character) is specified, it is used as the output tab character.
- -L locale
- Use the locale specified as argument instead of one found in the environment.
Use C to reset locale to its default.
- -l lines
- (“el”) Override the 66-line default and reset the page length to lines.
If lines isn't greater than the sum of both the header and trailer depths (in lines),
the pr utility suppresses output of both the header and trailer,
as if the -t option were in effect.
- -m
- Merge the contents of multiple files. One line from each file
specified by a file operand is written side by side into text columns
of equal fixed widths, in terms of the number of column positions.
The number of text columns depends on the number of file operands
successfully opened. The maximum number of files merged depends
on page width and the per-process open file limit.
The options -e and -i are assumed.
- -n[char][width]
- Provide width-digit line numbering.
The default for width, if not specified, is 5.
The number occupies the first width column positions
of each text column or each line of -m output. If char
(any nondigit character) is given, it is appended to the line number to separate it
from whatever follows. The default for char is a tab.
Line numbers longer than width columns are truncated.
- -o offset
- Each line of output is preceded by offset spaces.
If the -o option isn't specified, the default is zero.
The space taken is in addition to the output line width.
- -r
- Inhibit the warning when a file can't be opened.
- -s[char]
- Separate text columns by the single character char instead of
by the appropriate number of spaces (the default for char is the tab character).
- -t
- Print neither the five-line identifying header nor the five-line trailer usually supplied for each page.
Quit printing after the last line of each file without spacing to the end of the page.
- -w width
- Set the width of the line to width column positions
for multiple text-column output only. If the -w option
isn't specified and the -s option isn't specified,
the default width is 72. If the -w option isn't
specified and the -s option is specified, the default width is 512.
- file
- A pathname of a file to be printed. If no file operands are specified,
or if a file operand is “-”, the standard input is used.
Description:
The pr utility is a printing and pagination filter for text files.
When multiple input files are specified, each is read,
formatted, and written to standard output.
By default, the input is separated into 66-line pages, each with:
- A 5-line header with the page number, date, time, and the pathname of the file.
- A 5-line trailer consisting of blank lines.
If standard output is associated with a terminal, diagnostic messages are
suppressed until the pr utility has completed processing.
When multiple column output is specified, text columns are of equal width.
By default text columns are separated by at least one space.
Input lines that don't fit into a text column are truncated.
Lines aren't truncated under single column output.
Exit status:
- 0
- Success.
- 1
- An error occurred.
Errors:
If pr receives an interrupt while printing to a terminal,
it flushes all accumulated error messages to the screen before terminating.
Error messages are written to stderr during the printing process
(if output is redirected) or after all successful file printing is complete
(when printing to a terminal).
Contributing author:
Keith Muller
License:
This utility is based on copyright software of
the Regents of the University of California;
for licensing information, see
“Licensing information”
in Typographical Conventions, Support, and Licensing.